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THE ADAPTATION OF SELECTED POST-MINING AREAS IN KRAKOW
Abstract
Krakow ? the former capital of Poland ? is situated on border Krakow-Silesian monocline and Carpathians Flysch separated by narrow zone of the Carpathian Foredeep. In the geological structure of Krakow, the Jurassic and Cretaceous are exposed on the surface sediments. The Neogene sediments fill the Vistula valley. For thousands of years the sacred and secular constructions have been built using Jurassic limestones coming from local quarries. These quarries were founded on fault ridges, from the early Middle Ages to the first half of the twentieth century. Today they can be a proper and interesting example of post exploited geological landscape and important and still underappreciated Krakow?s cultural heritage. The most successful the development form of post mining areas is the former ?Twardowski School? quarry. The exploitation of the Jurassic, thick-layered limestones was carried out there and mining was continued from the early Middle Ages until the end of the 19th century. That limestones were mainly used in municipal constructions. At the end of the 19th century in the quarry with the surface of about 36, 000 m2 the city park was created. Until this day the park exits and is one of the most beautiful place in the Krakow city. At that time it was first and pioneer example of the reclamation of the post mining area in Poland. Another form of the adaptation of the former quarry is ?The City Quarry?, which operated in 1886-1939. Its surface was of about 35, 000 m2. The excavated limestones were intended for the lime production. Currently in the excavation there are two furnaces which were used to burn lime. Actually scarps are partly overgrown and several apartments were built inside the quarry. The adaptation of post-mining areas should give the city attractive places for recreational, educative and economic purposes.
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