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IMPACT OF THE BUILT-UP AREA OF A CITY ON THE DIURNAL PATTERN OF TEMPERATURES DURING TROPICAL DAYS
Abstract
Approximately 5% of the area of Slovakia is made up of built-up areas and courtyards. These represent land where buildings and courtyards, motorways, roads, local roads, railways, airports, and water structures are built. To compare the influence of the urbanized part of the country on the daily air temperature, the city of Nitra, located in the western part of Slovakia, was selected. Meteorological stations are in the territory of the city, from which air temperature data were obtained. For the comparison of the "non-urbanised" part, a meteorological station located in the experimental garden and a station located at the Nitra-Janikovce airport were selected. The summer months from 15 June to 15 September in 2021 and 2022 were selected for comparison. In both years, four periods of heat with temperatures above 30-degree Celzius lasting at least three days were recorded during this period. The onset of temperature after night-time cooling is about the same, but the station in the experimental garden has a delayed onset. Also, the maximum temperature at noon, even during the heat wave, did not reach the same value as at the other stations. The temperature drop arrives identically, but the temperatures in the city do not drop to the same level as the temperatures at the base stations in the evening. It is also interesting to compare the average temperature differences. For the most part, there are larger differences in temperatures between the stations in the city and the station in the experimental garden. The differences between the stations in the city and the station at the airport are noticeable, but not to that extent. Thus, our hypothesis is only partially confirmed. The built-up area affects the diurnal temperature course, especially when it cools down in the evening, but an area with a regularly mowed lawn does not have as much of a positive effect as the public thinks. From our comparison, the experimental garden comes out best, where all stages are represented, including trees and shrubs. These create a more suitable microclimate that better mitigates the effects of climate change.
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