Scholarly record
APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN ENERGY IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPORT
Abstract
In the REPowerEU strategy, the European Commission proposes accelerating renewable hydrogen production by 2030 to produce more affordable, safer, and sustainable energy. Hydrogen energy has significant potential in the future of transportation. Its many benefits include reducing pollution, diversifying energy sources, having higher energy density than batteries, and being used for long-distance or high-tonnage transport. The present article proposes an analysis of the use of hydrogen energy in transport between potential and perspectives. The benefits are highlighted, and the technologies for obtaining H2 as an energy source are presented. Depending on the source and extraction method, four methods and technologies for securing hydrogen and four main types of H2 (green, gray, blue, and turquoise) exist. Although green H2 is the only type obtained with zero polluting gas emissions, the most widespread is gray H2 (from natural gas or waste coal) - 96% today. The main applications of hydrogen in transport are presented: 1. Road-Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCEVs) that offer zero emissions and range similar to vehicles with conventional engines and short recharging time. 65% of buses must be zero-emission by 2025 and 30% of trucks by 2030. The Mercedes-Benz city bus runs entirely on energy from two sources - state-of-the-art electric batteries and hydrogen-based fuel cells, which protect the energy supply on the road - without intermediate charging. In cars, Toyota's Fuel Cell System is one of the most advanced technologies in the field. 2. Rail-Hydrogen use in rail vehicles offers a clean alternative to diesel or electric locomotives, significantly reducing gas emissions. Alstom's Coradia iLint, manufactured in 2016, is the world's first passenger train powered by fuel cells and H2. 3. Maritime transport-Hydrogen fuel cells can propel ships or power other energy systems. The HySeas III project demonstrates that fuel cells can be successfully integrated with a marine hybrid electric propulsion system (electric propulsion, controls, batteries, etc.) and associated hydrogen storage facilities. Hydrogen ferries-Norwegian Ship Design has designed RoPax with this in mind. 4. Air transport must operate with clean energy. ZeroAvia's 19-seat twin-engine Dornier 228 aircraft completed a test flight of around 10 minutes in the UK. This article proposes an analysis of hydrogen technologies and their applications in transport, following the potential, challenges, and immediate prospects of implementation, as well as specific economic and environmental aspects.
Publication Impact Profile
Publication details
References22
Energy from hydrogen: what are the benefits for EU? [(accessed on 15 April 2024, 17.00)].https://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdfs/news/expert/2021/5/story/20210512STO04004/20210512STO04004_ro.pdf
IEA G20 The Future of Hydrogen. [(accessed on 03 May 2024, 20.00)], pp.203. Available online: https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-hydrogen
Eriksen R., Hydrogen Forecast to 2050. [(accessed on 03 May 2024,21.00)]. Available online:https://aben.com.br/wpcontent/uploads/2022/06/DNV_Hydrogen_Report_2022_Highres_single1.pdf
Gis W., Menes M., Pielecha J., et al., Implementation of vehicles equipped with fuel cells and hydrogen refueling infrastructure in Europe. Combustion Engines. 2015, 162(3), pp.782-787.
Boretti A., Banik B.K., Advances in Hydrogen Production from Natural Gas Reforming. Adv Energy Sustain Res 2021; 2(11):2100097. DOI: 10.1002/aesr.202100097.
Inayat A., Tariq R., Khan Z., Ghenai C., Kamil M., Jamil F., et al., A comprehensive review on advanced thermochemical processes for bio-hydrogen production via microwave and plasma technologies. Biomass Convers Biorefin 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s13399-020-01175-1.
Anwar S., Khan F., Zhang Y., Djire A., Recent development in electrocatalysts for hydrogen production through water electrolysis. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2021; 46 (63):32284, pp.317. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.06.191.
Al-Shara N.K., Sher F., Iqbal S.Z., Curnick O., Chen G.Z., Design and optimization of electrochemical cell potential for hydrogen gas production. J Energy Chem 2021; 52:421, pp.7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2020.04.026.
Sharma P., Gaur V.K., Kim S-H, Pandey A., Microbial strategies for bio-transforming food waste into resources. Bioresour Technol 2020; pp.299:122580. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122580.
Ishaq T., Yousaf M., Bhatti I.A., Batool A., Asghar M.A., Mohsin M., et al., A perspective on possible amendments in semiconductors for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation by water splitting. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2021; 46(79): 39036�57. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.09.165.
Oh V.B.Y, Ng S.F., Ong W.J,. Is photocatalytic hydrogen production sustainable? � Assessing the potential environmental enhancement of photocatalytic technology against steam methane reforming and electrocatalysis. J Clean Prod 2022; 379: 134673. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134673.
Hu D.H., Wang Y.T., Li J.W., Yang Q., Wang J., Investigation of optimal operating temperature for the PEMFC and its tracking control for energy saving in vehicle applications. Energy Convers. Manag. 2021, pp. 249, 114842. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.119744 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114842
https://www.linde-gas.ro/ro/hydrogen/mobilizing-public-buses-and-trains-with-h2. html, [(accessed on 03 May 2024, 16.00)];
https://www.toyota.ro/discover-toyota/environment/cleaner-mobility/fuel-cell, [(ac cessed on 03 May 2024, 22.00)];
https://www.mercedes-benz-bus.com/ro_RO/models/ecitaro-fuel-cell.html, [(acces sed on 04 May 2024, 11.00)];
Wang J., Gao Y., Sun S., Lei Shi H., Safety Technologies and Challenges of Hydrogen-Powered Rail Transport. (Eds.): WHTC 2023, SPPHY 393, pp. 100�107, 2024. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_11.
Inal O. B., Decarbonization of shipping: Hydrogen and fuel cells legislation in the maritime industry, Brodogradnja Volume 75, Number 2 (2024) 75205; pp.11 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378394033; DOI: 10.21278/brod75205
https://www.hyseas3.eu/the-project/, [(accessed on 04 May 2024, 12.00)];
https://www.norwegianshipdesign.no/archive/p1906contractsigning-bbj3r, [(access ed on 04 May 2024, 13.00)];
Shakeri N., Zadeh M., Nielsen J.B., Hydrogen Fuel Cells for Ship Electric Propulsion IEEE Electrification Magazine / JUNE 2020 DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2020.2985484, pp.32;
Dawei Xu, Technologies and challenges of hydrogen-powered aviation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, School of Aviation, Zhuhai, China, 519000 CONF-MCEE 2023, IOP Publishing;
Pop A., A small hydrogen-powered electric plane could be the key to zero-carbon flight, Un mic avion cu motor electric cu hidrogen ar putea fi cheia zborului cu zero emisii de carbon, Newsweek Romania/International, updated 21.01.2023, 17.48 https://newsweek.ro/international/un-mic-avion-cu-motor-electric-cu-hidrogen-ar-putea-reprezenta-cheia-zborului-cu-zero-carbon-emisii;
Citing literature
Number of times cited according to Crossref: 2
View or Download full articleAccess options
SWS access login
Login as SWS Scientific CommitteeLogin as SWS Scientific PartnerLogin as SWS AuthorAuthors and approved SWS contributors will read and export their own linked papers after identity matching by SWS profile, email and SGEM GlobalID.
For librarian assistance: [email protected]
Purchase Instant Access
- Article can be downloaded after successful payment.
- Article may be used according to SWS library access terms.
- Article cannot be redistributed.