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IMPACT THE TUNNEL EXCAVATION WITH LOW OVERBURDEN TO ROCK MASS
Abstract
Several tunnels are currently under construction in Slovakia and others are in process of preparation to be constructed. The most commonly used technology in Slovakia is NATM. One of them is the Milochov railway tunnel, which together with the bridge and another tunnel of works, will be located on the reconstructed part of the railway line between Puchov and Povazska Bystrica. The tunnel is designed for rail transport as a single-tube, double-track, with a track spacing of 4,200 m for a design speed of 160 km/h, with a perspective of 200 km/h. The geological structure of the area along the tunnel route and its associated objects is complicated. The rocky environment is tectonically disturbed with high intensity due to the complex development of the gorge band, which is overfolded and overlapped by fault ruptures. The primary balance of tension state is being corrupted in the rock environment by tunneling, which is accompanied by spatial rearrangement of tension, creating a new equilibrium state in the rock massif. The tension changes are associated with deformation of the excavation face, in other words the primary lining of the entire area around the excavation. These changes may result in surface deformation in the tunnels with low overburden. Geotechnical exploration cannot supply information about the rock mass exactly, therefore it is important to make regular monitoring gradually during construction, to update the input data and mathematical model. NATM is the most commonly used tunneling method in Slovakia. This method is based on deformation checking that limits unfavorable deformations by optimally integrating the rock mass into load transfer supported by anchoring system, excavation partitioning, a rock environment improvement, and other security features. The aim of this paper is to compare the use of individual security features of methods in computational models and to get an overview of their use. This excavation safe analysis will be implemented in the Milochov tunnel.
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