Scholarly record
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MICROBIALLY-TREATED HYDROXYAPATITE
Abstract
Current management of phosphate-bearing resources (mainly rock phosphates, RPs), which in fact are finite non-renewable sources, is quite far from the principles of sustainability and may cause an escalating price increase mainly because of increases in RP-processing costs. One of the most studied approaches in solubilization of insoluble phosphates is the biological treatment of phosphate-bearing materials. In this work, we propose a microbial extraction of phosphate from insoluble inorganic natural sources as a less expensive and lower energy technique compared with the conventional chemical processes. Experiments were based on fermentation processes using both synthetic media and agro-wastes derived from the olive oil producing and sugar beet processing industries. Further introduction of the resulting products into plant-soil systems was also studied. These biotechnological processes and respective products demonstrated a number of advantages in several directions: A) Simultaneous phosphate solubilization and enzyme production in solid-state fermentation conditions a. Chitinase b. Phosphatase c. Manganese peroxidase B) Improvement of soil structure C) Stimulation of soil enzyme activities D) Remediation of heavy metal contaminates sites E) Biological control of phyto-pathogenic fungi It is interesting to note that in fermentation conditions the enzyme production is normally enhanced in presence of insoluble phosphates. Combined with standard techniques for nutrient medium and process parameters optimization, it is possible to achieve high production rates. On the other hand, the functions B to E are closely related to plant growth promotion particularly in typical Mediterranean soils characterized by low phosphate concentration and low organic matter. The results of our studies demonstrate the immense potential of bio-based alternative methods for treatment of natural P-bearing materials and their ecological profile.
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References18
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