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ECOLOGICAL CONDITION AND PROBLEMS OF USING THE SOIL COVER OF ZAPORIZHZHIA REGION (SOUTH OF UKRAINE)
Abstract
Zaporizhzhia oblast is located in the steppe zone of Ukraine with a characteristic flat landscape dominated by chernozem soils (70% of the area), 10% of the area – chestnut and dark chestnut soils (south and southwest), which are characterized by some salinity, especially in the coastal part. This area is characterized by significant diversity of soil conditions. Excessive plowing of the territory (about 85%) worsens the ecological conditions and opportunities for self-regulation of the agro-landscape, reduces the activity of soil-forming processes and natural soil fertility, increases their erosion. At present, among the main problems of soil fertility of the region are: high degree of plowing of lands, development of erosion processes, agrochemical degradation of soils, increase of areas of saline and saline soils. The main results of the study are as follows. Droughts cover the entire territory of Zaporizhzhia oblast, but their greatest manifestation is observed in the south, within the distribution of arid dry-steppe and southern-steppe landscapes. Intensive development of erosion processes is associated with both natural and anthropogenic factors: the presence of sloping surfaces and their plowing, rainfall, high plowing of agricultural land (84.8%), improper tillage of sloping surfaces, ignoring agronomic measures combating erosion. The most important negative consequence of water-erosion processes is the reduction of the amount of humus in the soil. Due to the coastal location and significant aridity of the climate, about 90% of the surface of Zaporizhzhia oblast is deflationarily dangerous; within the region there are 17 irrigation systems with a total area of 227.2 thousand hectares and 13.9 thousand ha, located within the «small irrigation», according to the degree of salinity irrigated lands, mostly weakly saline, and amount to 127.9 thousand ha, (53.0%); unsalted, respectively, 103.1 thousand ha (42.7%); medium-saline – 9.6 thousand ha (4.0%); strongly saline – 0.8 thousand ha (0.3%).
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