Scholarly record

INFLUENCE OF THE DEGREE OF ANTHROPOGENIZATION OF LANDSCAPES ON CHANGES IN SOIL FACTORS

Nadezhda Ivanisova

Abstract

In the case of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes, the most sensitive component is the soil, which ensures the stability and biodiversity of the ecosystem. The greater the degree of landscape anthropogenesis, the greater the changes in soil factors: mechanical composition, humus content, physical, biotic and chemical properties. The main negative effect of urbanized and industrial areas is technogenic soil salinization. The presence of salts in the soil has an important effect on the mobility of many substances in the soil profile and on the bioecological features of the landscape as a whole. If the soils of urbolandscapes are often sealed, then the soils of technogenic landscapes undergo fundamental changes. A large part of the fertile layer is irrevocably removed or destroyed. The granulometric composition, the aero and hydrological regime change, but at the same time chemical compounds that are foreign to the soil are introduced and fixed in the soil layers. Heavy metals precipitate and accumulate in the surface layers, and subsequently migrate along the soil profile. In a technogenic landscape there are practically no natural biogeochemical barriers preventing soil pollution.

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