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PERSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS OF SEARCHING OF DEPOSITS OF HYDROCARBON RAW MATERIALS IN THE SYR DARYA SEDIMENTARY BASIN WITH THE ACCOUNT OF THE LATEST DATA
Abstract
Upper Paleozoic carbonate-terrigenous deposits are widespread in the southwestern part of South Kazakhstan: in the Syr Darya, Aral, Chu-Sarysu and South Torgai sedimentary basins Karatau mountains, the Ugam ridge, as well as in the adjacent territories of Uzbekistan. Their capacity reaches 4000 m. At the end of the Middle Devonian, the western edge of the Kazakhstan continent sank, which led to transgression of the sea and the formation of a basin of forward deflection. On the outskirts of the latter, carbonate platforms were formed between which terrigenous shelves were located in places. The rocks of the Upper Paleozoic region contain more than 1% organic matter, and the immersion of the formed sedimentary strata in subsequent eras to certain depths created favorable physicochemical conditions for its conversion to hydrocarbons. Therefore, this sedimentary basin can be classified as promising. Of greatest interest are the carbonate strata, including the organogenic structures of the Waltz-type, clastic plumes along its periphery, as well as the carbonate sands of the shallow water zone. This year, within the Leontief graben in the mountains of Big Karatau, carbonate rocks were discovered with oil leaks along cracks and in caverns for more than 20 km. In Kazakhstan, in the carbonate strata of the Upper Paleozoic, giant oil and gas deposits have been identified and are successfully exploited: Kashagan, Tengiz, Karashyganak, Zhanazhol and others. Terrigenous rocks of the Upper Paleozoic in the Syr Darya basin are of much less interest so far, which can be explained by their local distribution and poor knowledge. In the section of the studied terrigenous sequence, which composes a narrow linear deflection, there are quite powerful layers of sandstones, which can be potential reservoirs for the accumulation of oil and gas deposits. Such graben structures often in many oil-bearing regions of the world contain industrial hydrocarbon deposits. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out a complex of detailed geophysical work here. Salt domes are quite widespread within the Syr Darya sedimentary basin, and primarily in the modern Arys and Bairkum troughs, which in the Upper Paleozoic were a single tectonic structure. According to seismic data, isometric salt domes (Arys, Kaldybaisk, Badam, Baiyrkum and others) with an amplitude of up to 1000 m were discovered within their limits. Oil and gas accumulations similar to the Kenkiyak and Kulsary deposits of the Caspian Basin, where along steep slopes are revealed
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