Scholarly record
BIOGAS PRODUCTION AS AN ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
Abstract
One of the most important factors of industrialization and development is energy. Demand of energy significantly increases parallel to technology developing and world population increasing. The consumed amount of energy indicates the development level of countries in today. Oil and coal stocks are decreasing fastly, and lack of natural gas sources results in an increasing demand on renewable energy sources. The negative effects of the renewable energy sources are less than conventional energy sources on environment. The cost of the renewable energy sources are less than fossil fuels, and don’t exhausted, and in contrast to conventional fuels they do not important threat to human health and environment. The countries which are not self sufficient in terms of energy production, needs environmentally clean, continuous, independent and renewable energy sources. Biogas, containing 55-65 \% methane (CH4) can supply these features. Biogas units turn organic wastes into a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide gases that can be used for lighting and cooking. For example; each household builds its own plant to channel waste from the domestic toilet and nearby shelters for animals, usually pigs, cows into a sealed tank. The waste ferments and is naturally converted into gas and compost, resulting in improved sanitary conditions at home. Biogas technology is best suited to convert the organic waste from agriculture, livestock,industries, municipalities and other human activities into energy and manure. Considering that the energy value of 1 m3 of biogas is 5,000 kJ and that the heat value is equivalent to 0.7 L of gas, we see a large amount of lost energy. By using biogas, the living conditions and the environment have improved, forests are protected, and the labour force has more time for agricultural production. A large amount of straw, which was previously burned, is now put into biogas tanks to ferment. This reduces air pollution from smoke and helps produce high-quality organic fertilizer. Today, it is commonly burned in an internal combustion engine to generate electricity. Biogas is also successfully compressed for use as an alternative transportation fuel in light- and heavy-duty vehicles. In this study, general information, using areas, energy contents have been given about renewable energy sources and biogas, advantages and positive environmental effects have been investigated.
Publication details
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