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METHOD OF INTENSIFICATION OF RECLAMATION OF LANDFILLS AND LANDFILLS OF SOLID DOMESTIC WASTE WITH THE USE OF BIOLOGICS

Ksenia Pishchaeva

Abstract

The active development of large cities leads to increase of wastes. And as a result, a system of interrelated problems was formed: 1) The negative impact of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills on the population and the environment; 2) The irrational use of land adjacent to metropolises; 3) The lack of modern facilities. In Russia the MSW landfills for a long time will be used for disposal of solid wastes residues. To date, 93% of generated wastes is placed on landfills. The main objective is to reduce the number of harmful effects on the environment. The reclamation of the MSW landfills is one of the main stages of solving these problems. The issue of restoration of land suitable for exploitation inevitably necessitates when closing landfills. And the organization of reclamation is one of the solutions for this issue in the world. The MSW landfills become a storage of metals in the soil. For the reclamation of landfills, clean soils are used, but over time various toxic substances, including heavy metals, may come from underground layers of wastes. In small quantities, heavy metals are necessary for the vital activity of living organisms. However, their increased concentration is a serious threat to life. The high concentrations of heavy metals in soil impedes the development of former lawn fields sown by traditional types of lawn grass. The green plants are used as an environmental technology to remove pollutants from the topsoil or turn them into harmless compounds. Research shows that plants allow us to clean the environment from metals residues. Different types of plants have a different ability to accumulate metals. The accumulation of a large amount of metals in certain plant species is largely determined by their morphophysiological features. It is also shown that the cultivation of plants-hyperaccumulators of metals in the contaminated areas allows the soil to be effectively cleaned from excess metals. Also, the ratio of heavy metals content in various plant organs is different. When carrying out reclamation work, it is necessary to select such types of lawn grasses that have high phytoremediation capacity. In this paper, we evaluated the impact of various factors on plants? ability to absorb heavy metals. An experimental method (ISO 22030) for determining growth and reproduction of higher plants under controlled conditions was used to conduct the experiments. The plants are accumulators when heavy metals accumulate in their above-ground organs with no visible signs of damage. Various plants with the ability to accumulate heavy metals were used as test objects. To assess this ability, they were planted in the vegetative vessels with soil. The vessels were placed under phytolamp. The number of plants was up to eight in each vessel. Giant underground networks formed by the roots of living plants extract and concentrate essential elements and compounds from soil and water. You can also assess the effect on the accumulation of metals and various additives and chelate complexes. The use of phytoremediation technology can be very promising for treatment of the landfills. It should be noted that in our country work is underway on the biological recultivation of landfills.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/5.2/s20.065

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