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EVALUATION OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY IN MINING AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Abstract
The activities of mining and chemical enterprises in Ukraine have reserved a number of environmental issues that affects all elements of the environment and requires immediate solution. Nowadays, in Ukraine, there are still relevant soil subsidence in areas of mining and chemical enterprises, the accumulation of large-tonnage industrial wastes, accumulation and migration of heavy metals in soils. Equally, important is the issue of water pollution in the area of mining and chemical enterprises. The purpose of this work is the environmental evaluation of the water bodies quality on the territory of Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise (SMCE), Sirka. In this paper it was evaluated the ecological state of surface waters Rozdil SMCE, Sirka, пїЅ artificial water bodies (Hlyboke lake, Sererdne lake, Kysle lake, rainwater channels) and Dniester river in the points, which are adjacent to the territory of the enterprise, by using an experimental methods of environmental evaluation of surface water quality for the relevant categories and comparing the water indices with the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). There are 5 classes of water quality: 1 пїЅ excellent; 2 пїЅ very good, good; 3 пїЅ satisfactory, mediocre, 4 пїЅ bad; 5 пїЅ very bad. It was established for various chemical classification water bodies of the study area belong to different classes of water quality, such as: пїЅ by mineralization and electrical conductivity пїЅ to 3 and 5 classes; пїЅ by the content of sulphates пїЅ to 2, 3, 5 classes; пїЅ by chloride content пїЅ to 3, 4, 5 classes; пїЅ by hydrophysical and general hydrochemical indices пїЅ to 1, 2, 5 classes; пїЅ by nitrogen content пїЅ to 1, 2, 5 classes; пїЅ by content of organic substances пїЅ to 3, 5 classes; пїЅ by the content of specific substances toxic and radiation - to 2, 3, 4 classes. Experimentally it was detected exceeding of MPC in the Rozdil SMCE, Sirka, in the water bodies by hydrochemical parameters: pH (low value), sulphates (excess of MPC in 10 times), phosphates (excess of MPC in 12 times), ammonia (excess of MPC in 49.2 times) nitrite ions (excess of MPC in 10 times) BODf (excess of MPC in 30 times), iron (excess of MPC in 4 times). The work demonstrates the importance of monitoring, environmental risk assessment of liquidated mining and chemical enterprises to predict future changes of environment, to solve problems and to restore the ecological balance of the territory.
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