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SOIL STABILITY ASSESSMENT UPON PROJECTING A NEW METRO LINE IN MOSCOW
Abstract
Kozhukhovskaya metro line is under construction in the southeast of Moscow now. The geological cross-section at the construction site shows Carboniferous limestone at a depth of 30-65 m, overlain by Jurassic and Quaternary clay, loam, sand and sandy loam. The principle geohazards originate from the presence of the thick horizon of water-saturated sandy and sandy-loamy deposits. These deposits serve as an enclosing medium for the future metro tunnel. The deposits along the route were typified according to their resistance (stability) to the human-induced mechanical (dynamic) impact. The possible arising of unfavorable technonatural processes is the main criterion for subdividing soils and rocks according to their stability. Under the considered geological conditions, the main geohazards include: uneven significant settling due to ground compaction (for weak clayey soils of liquid and high plastic consistency); liquefaction; inter-granular suffusion (washout of fine sandy fractions by groundwater and decompaction of texturally heterogenous sand); large-scale suffusion and total washout of water-saturated sand (quicksand phenomenon), e.g., upon disturbance of protective engineering structures. Four soil types have been distinguished, i.e., stable, conventionally stable, unstable and very unstable soil types. For each soil type, we give recommendations on the protective measures ensuring safe operation of metro facilities. Unstable and very unstable soils include water-saturated sand with possible suffusion development, as well as specific fill soil, highly wet sandy loam, loam, and water-saturated sand occurring near the surface and capable of liquefaction at dynamic impact. Proceeding from the developed typification, the distribution of various soil types along the tunnel route and in the basement of metro stations is shown.
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