Scholarly record
ANALYSIS OF HYDROLOGICAL DROUGHT INDICES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS AND RIVER BASIN SPECIFICS
Abstract
The development of indicator systems for drought identification is part of the Drought Management Plans. The analysis of the correlation between the different indices is an essential part of the indicator systems. That research is part of a task related to the developed at NIMH system (http://hydro.bg) of drought indicators and the development of recommendations for their simultaneous use. For this purpose, the influence of climatic factors on the hydrological cycle components and the role of the characteristics of river basins has been studied. It is observed that a phase lag of the hydrological drought from the occurrence of meteorological drought is characteristic, because for the lack of precipitation is necessary more time to show itself in the hydrological system components. The lag depends on the river basin specifics - the size of the catchment, regulating volumes, aquifers, etc. As a first step, a transition from a regional assessment of meteorological drought to an assessment at basin level was made. As the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is calculated within the different catchments for a different number of points, the Zonal Statistics tool of QGIS was used and the SPI average values for each catchment for all months in the period 2014-2020 were derived. Based on this, the correlation between the Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) and SPI indices at different time steps (SRI3, SPI3; SRI6, SPI6, etc.) for the period 2014-2020 was estimated. The regularities of the drought process are studied, identifying both the correlation and the transition from meteorological to hydrological drought, as well as the expected phase shift of the hydrological drought over time. The results confirm the drought process relations and clearly identify: 1) the transition from meteorological to hydrological drought and 2) the expected phase lag of the hydrological drought over time. In general, short time steps, such as monthly and quarterly, are suitable for small catchments and unregulated watersheds, while longer time steps are more suitable for larger river basins with a complex hydrological cycle or regulated watersheds. The analysis of the correlation between the indices, taking into account the influence and the relationship between the various factors of the hydrological cycle, is a long process and the time scale should be chosen depending on the characteristics of the basin and the purpose for which the indicator is used.
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References10
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