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WATER QUALITY FORMATION FACTORS IN THE AZOV SEA
Abstract
The Azov Sea is one of the shallowest inland reservoirs in Eurasia. The special physical and geographical location of that object determines the temporal variation of its hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics. One of the main features of the sea is the presence of run-off and surging phenomena, determined by water exchange with the Black Sea and the river flow, small area and shallow water body. The currents are considered as significant factors for many processes of matter and energy transport in the Azov Sea. They transport various substances, including pollutants, and also contribute to the development of bottom erosion and sediment accumulation. The authors calculated the water pollution index value, and based on it, the sea area was zoned according to the water quality. The calculations are based on our own data on the heavy metals content such as copper, zinc and mercury in the water, as well as on the dissolved oxygen content. Those metals are classified as a group of priority pollutants. Exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations of those metals has been recorded almost throughout the territory. Based on the analysis of long-term data (1986-2017), the authors has revealed a trend of decreasing average annual concentrations of mercury and copper in the water area, while the trend line for zinc was approximately at the same level over the studied period. Some areas characterized as dirty, very dirty and extremely dirty are selected in the Azov Sea. The distribution of high metal content is confined to areas influenced by port facilities in Taganrog and Yeysk towns. An increase in the concentration of pollutants in the Kerch Strait is noted, which is due to both the influence of hydrodynamic conditions and the influence of mud volcanism.
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