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RISKS OF SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT UNDER SPECIFIC ECONOMIC AND LEGAL CONDITIONS OF LAND ASSOCIATIONS IN SLOVAKIA
Abstract
Nowadays, sustainable forest management is affected by both the internal management conditions of forest enterprises as well as the external restrictions. While the internal conditions are determined by the economic efficiency of forest enterprises, the external restrictions, except for the nature conditions, result from the governmental regulative and supportive measures, forest policy concepts, characteristics of business environment, and principles accepted by the whole society ? this approach may both either harmonize or bring risks to the actual sustainable forest management. In the case of Slovakia, land associations belong to an important legal type of the forest enterprises ? they manage almost 30 % of forest land. Still, their legal and economic regime is somehow specific in comparison with the other legal types of forest enterprises. Sustainable forest management provided by the land associations is thus affected by a number of factors ? the most important ones are specific property rights applied in land associations, economic interests and preferences of forest landowners, legal restrictions, social and environmental interests and preferences of the society. The objective of the paper is to analyse the potential risks of sustainable forest management under specific economic and legal conditions of the Slovak land associations originating from the mentioned factors and restrictions. The specific economic conditions are represented by the actual economic situation at the macroeconomic level that determines the economic situation of land associations at the microeconomic level ? then, the substitution in use of forest resources may exist here, resulting in different ways of forest management. Likewise, the specific legal conditions are a result of the extremely specific category of forest owners ? the category of land associations being an example of common forests. To conclude, the analysis of individual economic tools and legal conditions that may determine the nature of specific forest measures seems to be the necessary condition that would secure sustainable management of forest resources in the analysed case so that the public interests of the society are harmonized with the interests of the forest owners.
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