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USING GPS FOR DETERMINATION OF THE IONOSPHERE
Abstract
The ionosphere is the upper part of the Earth atmosphere, starting at an altitude of about 50 km. It consists of free electrons and ions, mainly generated through solar radiation. GPS observations are delayed within the ionosphere, since it is a dispersive medium for electromagnetic waves. The range error caused by the ionosphere at the GPS operation frequency L1 can reach a few tens of meters. This effect is as a first approximation proportional to the so-called Slant Total Electron Content (STEC) along the ray path and is compensated by measuring at two distinct frequencies. The linear combinations of the pseudoranges do not only allow to remove a great portion of the ionospheric bias but also make it possible to extract information about the parameters of the ionosphere in terms of STEC values. The method of determining the ionosphere by using GPS will be discussed as well as various applications of GPS-derived global and local ionosphere models in geodesy and other sciences.
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References1
frame which rotates synchronous with the Sun, so the temporal variation of the electron content is slow and can be averaged for a short period, e.g. 1-2 hours. The coordinates in the sun- fixed system are defined as (Brunini, 1997): 5th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2005 www.sgem.org International Conference
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