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CARBON CAPTURE, UTILIZATION AND STORAGE DEVELOPMENT IN ROMANIA

Sorin Anghel, Alexandra Dudu, Constantin Ștefan Sava, Andrei Gabriel Dragoș

Abstract

Related to the Southern part of Romania, from our previous and present CCUS studies, the industrial CO2 emissions - verified on 2017, the appropriate geological structures for CO2 storage as well as oil and gas deposits for EOR and EGR, are well documented. GeoEcoMar is the single Romanian organization having in the same time high professional experience in the complex geological and geophysical studies on the Danube and the Western Black Sea Basin as well as in the CCUS studies. Evolving environmental regulatory directives have generated interest and investment to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from large point sources using carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. CCS is a suite of technologies integrated to capture and transport CO2 from major point sources to a storage site where the CO2 is injected down wells and into porous geological formations deep below the surface. There it is trapped and permanently stored. CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is a promising option to move CCS forward by enabling development of carbon capture at industrial sites and pipeline infrastructure for CO2 transport. When executed synergistically, EOR and CCS are referred to as carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). CO2-EOR storage is being increasingly recognized as an important strategy for mitigating climate change. The use of CO2-EOR for purpose of geologic storage has many practical advantages. Literature and experts generally view CO2-EOR as a proven technology. Technologies and methodologies for injection, production and monitoring have been in use and refined over the past few decades. Other than CO2 supply and processing, candidate CO2-EOR sites typically have modest infrastructure demands, because in most cases existing wells can be used directly or with some modifications for injection and production. Finally, a number of monitoring methodologies for establishing the quantity of CO2 stored have been demonstrated. CO2-EOR operations are mainly monitored to check that bottom-hole and reservoir pressures are being maintained within the operational constraints, to track the movement of the CO2 injected, and to ensure that the wells are complying with integrity standards especially due to the potential for flow assurance problems stemming from the corrosive nature of CO2 in pipelines and hydrate forming hazards. Monitoring and surveillance for these objectives are usually implemented via gauges for injection/production and pressure data, geochemical analysis of produced fluids, and well logs and/or downhole sensors that measure tracer concentration, fluid saturations, resistivity and casing integrity. Seismic surveys have also been used to monitor for CO2 plume movement. Additional monitoring requirements for storage include demonstrating integrity of the producing reservoir, verification of the quantity of stored CO2, wellbore integrity monitoring, plume pathways monitoring, near-surface monitoring, and surface monitoring.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/4.1/s19.040

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