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LAKE GOVERNANCE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN LATVIA: TOWARDS CROSS-LEVEL AND CROSS-SECTORIAL INTEGRATION FRAMEWORK
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to separate and subsequently investigate the lake governance developments within existing surface water resource governance system in Latvia by looking across all the three country administration levels, namely of the national, regional and municipal levels, in order to determine the actual state and main drawbacks of this step-wise developing lake governance system in Latvian. In this study, lake governance was systemized and characterized, taking note of what particular and eventually complementary selection of governance instruments from all six governance instrument's groups were applied in practice. This instrumental framework included policy and legislation instruments, planning, institutional and administrative, economic and financial, infrastructure and technology, as well as communication and collaboration instruments. The methods used for this start-up research-and-development (R&D) governance study included document analysis and case study research (CSR) application. Having very large amount of lakes and other water bodies in the country, government and municipalities have been able to improve water quality in average, even, as there was recognized during this study, Latvia's lake governance system, even being recently actively developing, is still not fully established and functioning. There is not yet a sufficiently developed system of governance instruments, including limitations with legal-planning instruments, administration capacities, system based funding availability and, particularly, communication instruments, what's hindering system developments towards coordinated multi-actor and multi-instrumental efforts and cross-sectorally approaching lake governance as a socio-ecological system in order to establish necessary framework for lake governance enhancements across all administrative levels.
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