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STUDY AND ASSESSMENT OF ACCUMULATION AND TOXICITY OF CALCIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES INGESTED BY ORAL ADMINISTRATION
Abstract
The research and evaluation of calcium oxide nanoparticles? (CaO) accumulation and toxicity when ingested orally were carried out. The results, obtained after the study of CaO nanopowder by scanning electron microscopy method, demonstrate, that a large proportion of particles in its composition have a size of up to 100 nm, a rounded shape and a smooth surface, while the microparticles of the chemical analog have a cubic shape with a rough surface. According to the death rate, LD50 values were calculated for male Wistar rats with single and multiple doses of CaO nanoparticles, amounting to 2000 and 2900 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. From the recorded data the cumulative coefficient was 1.45, which indicates the pronounced cumulative properties of the nanomaterial. Due to the absence of animal deaths in the comparison groups, the cumulation coefficient for CaO microparticles has not been established. When ingested orally, CaO nanoparticles accumulate in the liver at concentrations that exceed this rate when exposed to a microdispersed analog by 1.25 times, causing hyaline-drop dystrophy of hepatocytes, while only single eosinophils in the portal tracts were observed in animals of the comparison group. Pathomorphological changes in the liver of experiment and comparison animal groups are accompanied by changes in blood biochemical parameters. An increase in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin total, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and a decrease in urea levels were detected. At the same time, the toxic effect of CaO nanoparticles is more pronounced, what is manifested by the elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin, which are 1.58 and 2.67 times higher than these indicators at ingestion of microparticles. The revealed features of bioaccumulation, pathomorphological changes and changes in the biochemical status during of CaO nanoparticles when ingested orally indicate a greater toxicity of the studied nanomaterial in comparison with the microdispersed analog.
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