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STEPPE SOILS AT THE PERIODS OF CLIMATIC CRISES AND OPTIMUMS OF THE HOLOCENE: PRECIPITATION PATTERN IN COLD AND WARM PERIODS OF YEAR
Abstract
The buried soils of kurgans that have been constructed during the arid (2200-1800 years BC) and humid periods (1300-1400 years AD) in the Volga upland and the Caspian lowlands were studied. The paleosols buried 2200-1800 years BC are characterized by significant salinity and the accumulation of easily soluble salts and gypsum in the middle part of the soil profile and the formation of characteristic salt peaks at the depth of 80-120 cm. The chemical properties of medieval paleosols buried (1300-1400 years AD) indicate similar climatic conditions with present day. It was found that during periods of arid climatic, the active microbial biomass of soils buried beneath kurgans in steppe zone decreased significantly, and the share of microorganisms using plant residues increased. In the humid climatic periods, these changes had the opposite direction. However, in some cases, the different trends in dynamics of chemical and microbiological properties of soils were noticeable. It was shown than changes in soil chemical properties are associated with the precipitation in the cold period of the year. At the same time, an increase in the precipitation in summer period does not affect the chemical properties of the soil, but causes an increase in plant residues that input in soil and provide the elevated level active microbial biomass. The results of combined studies of chemical and microbiological properties of subkurgan paleosols allow to reconstruct the precipitation pattern in cold and warm periods in past in the steppe zone.
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