Scholarly record

EXPERIENCE IN USING INDUSTRIAL WASTES FOR RECLAMATION OF SPONTANEOUS JUNKYARDS

Konstantin Fedorenko

Abstract

The active industry developing and the improvement of the life quality of the population of the planet Earth leads to a catastrophic situation due to the accumulation of various kinds of waste. This is a global problem that cannot be solved radically at present time. In the middle of the last century, it was believed that the more smoking pipes at factories and plants, the better i.e. the economy was developed. Currently, the situation has changed dramatically - pipes smoke rarely, but the amount of various kinds of waste is growing exponentially. It is difficult to determine what waste is more - solid household or industrial waste of any enterprises. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to study the possibility of reclamation of spontaneous junkyards and small ones with the help of waste chemical industry (phosphogypsum) and waste from the extraction of non-metallic materials (clay, sand, gravel). For this, it is necessary to analyze the world and Russian experience in waste elimination. In Russia, annually, the amount of solid domestic waste increases by 40 million tons, and the amount of polymer waste by 7.2 million tons. Kuban has always been considered an environmentally safe area. But the rapid growth of the population, intensive farming and the revival of industry, the development of the tourism market led to a rather difficult situation. Practically in all municipal formations of the region there are spontaneous unauthorized junkyards, which it is very difficult to fight against. The EuroChem plant - Belorechensky Mineral Fertilizers has been operating for 40 years in the foothill of the Krasnodar Territory, the by-product of the production is phosphogypsum, which occupies significant areas of more than 300 hectares and a volume of it is more than 20 million tons. In the production of 1 ton of useful product, up to 7 tons of phosphogypsum is formed. Scientists have been working for many years on technologies for neutralizing and actively using it. At present, neutralized phosphogypsum is used in agriculture as a fertilizer and as an ameliorant in saline and fused soils. On saline soils, it contributes to desalinization, and on fused soils - to structure formation. In addition, for several years we have been holding research in using waste from various industries for recultivation of spontaneous SHW junkyards. A mixture of waste from quarries for extraction of non-metallic materials (clay, a merged horizon of soils in the development of quarries) with phosphogypsum is an excellent material for recultivation of spontaneous junkyards. In order to avoid the processes of water erosion, they are top-seeded with perennial grasses and rapidly growing trees and shrubs. The raw materials of the substrate for recultivation are waste, so the cost is not great, but the mixture is environmentally friendly. The results of the hold studies have determined the possibility of using industrial wastes for the ecological recultivation of spontaneous junkyards of solid household waste.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/5.2/s20.056

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