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ON THE LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF HEAVY METALS CONTENT IN GRASSY VEGETATION IN THE VICINITY OF OPEN COPPER MINE
Abstract
One of the important environmental problems in the development of copper ore deposits is the pollution of biological objects located in the zone of influence of mining enterprises. This problem is most relevant for sulfide copper ore deposits, which include a number of heavy metals that are toxic to the environment. Geochemical processes, occurring during the development of such deposits, lead to the entry of heavy metals into the surrounding landscape and their accumulation in the grassy vegetation. It is necessary to monitor these processes in order to limit the use of contaminated vegetation in agriculture, in particular, as animal feed. The article presents the main results of the grassy vegetation pollution monitoring obtained in the vicinity of the Safyanovsky sulfide copper open pit located in the Middle Urals of Russia. The data on the content of the studied metals in the vegetation samples in 2018 are compared with the maximum allowable levels (Russian standards), as well as with the previous year's monitoring results. The assessment of the dynamics of vegetation pollution indicators for the entire observation period since 1996 was carried out. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the influence of the mining enterprise on the quality of grassy vegetation is observed only in close proximity to the quarry and waste dumps. At the distance of 100 m and more from these objects, the content of heavy metals in the vegetation is significantly lower than the standards (in 2-10 times) and varies slightly from year to year around some average level. These fluctuations appear to be due to natural causes. The obtained results allowed making a conclusion that the applied technology and environmental management system of the mining enterprise are efficient and don't require any improving at the moment.
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