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EXTREME PHENOMENA ON DANUBE HYDRODYNAMICS AND THE INFLUENCE ON THE NAVIGATION CONDITIONS
Abstract
Danube is part of the Rhine / Meuse - Main - Danube priority axis, being the second longest river in Europe. Danube is an important international river route, flowing through 10 countries: Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova and Ukraine. Most of the Danube, 28.9%, stretches over the territory of Romania. In the rest of the countries where the Danube arrives, they have much lower percentages. It collects most of the Romanian rivers, except some from Dobrogea, that are carrying about 60 million tons of alluvial and 200 billion m3 of water annually. The Danube, as an international and navigable river, is the subject of watercourses in terms of restrictions imposed by international agreements that address, in addition to water quality issues, both the protection of areas at risk of flooding, the distribution of liquid stock between riparian and the maintaining navigability conditions. The main types of ships that cross this river are cargo ships, tankers and container vessels. Navigation on the Danube presents a series of challenges due to the waves, the wind, the differences of depth, thresholds. The phenomenon of climate change is a process of a global nature facing humanity in this century. Among the extreme phenomena that have had and have special implications on the navigation of the Danube as well as on the economic activities in the area, are the floods and the drought. In this paper, the extreme hydrological phenomena on the Danube and their consequences on navigation and ship traffic are studied.
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References7
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