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SATELLITE DATA BASED ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACT OF MINING INDUSTRY
Abstract
Assessment of mining impact on natural environment is relevant, since open mining, the storage of mining and processing waste, the metallurgical processing of the concentrates produced are accompanied by aerosol mining-induced pollution of the atmosphere and natural environments as a result of the release of fine mineral particles. According to satellite observations for 17 years, aerosol mining-induced pollution and the state of the vegetation cover in the Kola mining complex (Russia, Murmansk region) have been studied. Local sources of aerosol mining-induced impact are suggested to be characterized by specific aerosol load and area of impact, taking into account the vegetation index, as precipitation of aerosol particles leads to soil contamination with heavy metals, and the weakening of solar radiation degrades the light regime of the underlying surface and depresses the vegetation cover, which is critical with low self-restoration potential of the Arctic natural environment. An algorithm for a comprehensive assessment of the state of disturbed lands has been developed, taking into account the aerosol optical thickness of the atmosphere and the vegetation index of the vegetation cover. This makes it possible to increase the informative character of the environmental impact of mining industry from satellite observations. It is shown that the maximum specific load and the area of aerosol pollution are observed in the central part of the Murmansk region. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to assess the ecological state of industrial areas (provinces) during monitoring.
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