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THE APPLICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC METHOD TO RECOGNITION OF SHALLOW HYDROCARBON DEPOSITS IN THE CARPATHIANS BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF GRABOWNICA OIL AND GAS FIELD.
Abstract
Hydrocarbon deposits in Polish Carpathians occur at rather shallow depths, but under highly complex structural and lithological conditions. It is therefore much difficult to detect and recognize such deposits with use of surface geophysical methods. The research works have made since 2008 year led to investigations of the Grabownica oil and gas field with use of electromagnetic methods: Audiofrequency Magnetotellurics (AMT), Controlled Source Audiofrequency Magnetotellurics (CSAMT) and Induced Polarization (IP). The objective of investigations was to evaluate the usefulness of electromagnetic methods in recognition of structural conditions of deposits occurrence, and particularly to determine hydrocarbon-saturated zones. The Grabownica deposit occurs within a long steep fold that is cut by a number of tectonic zones both running conformably and transversely to the fold strike. The deposit series are formed of rather thin sandstone layers sealed by shales. Due to the direct contact of steep layers with the ground surface, the seal seems to be somewhat problematic in some part of the deposit. Because the structure is fairly good examined by numerous exploitation boreholes, this makes favorable conditions for test investigations. Also, the recognition of zones with no hydrocarbon saturation and deposit zones with different exploitation degree are propitious factors. All this information helps to evaluate how the deposit is reflected in interpreted resistivity distribution along test profiles. A significant impediment to electromagnetic data interpretation is the complex structure of the deposit. It is often difficult in the interpreted resistivity cross-sections to distinguish between anomalies generated by a ?structural factor? and anomalies due to varied lithology and/or hydrocarbon saturation.
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