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BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION RISK ON ETICS FACADES UNDER CENTRAL EUROPEAN CLIMATE CONDITIONS
Abstract
External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) are a key component in achieving high energy performance in building envelopes. Despite their thermal efficiency, ETICS facades are frequently affected by biological surface degradation caused by microbial growth, primarily algae and fungi. This phenomenon is closely linked to hygrothermal dynamics, where moisture availability, condensation events, and limited surface drying play a critical role. The presented study maps the conditions contributing to biological colonization, with a focus on the interaction between climatic exposure, construction parameters, and facade orientation. A simplified theoretical model was employed to assess hygrothermal behaviour under typical Central European climate conditions. Particular attention was given to the frequency and duration of surface moisture presence. The results suggest that even well-insulated systems can exhibit prolonged moisture accumulation at the surface, significantly increasing the risk of biological contamination. The findings reinforce the importance of integrating hygroclimatic risk assessment into the design and detailing of ETICS systems to ensure long-term durability and visual quality, especially in the context of sustainable construction.
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