Scholarly record
COENOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS REFERRING TO MACROMYCETES FROM PEAT BOGS SITUATED IN EASTERN CARPATHIANS (ROMANIA)
Abstract
Wetlands are important habitats consisting in true biodiversity pools. Human pressure had a continuous negative impact during time, i.e. significant changes, or more, irreversible, where the area of oligothrophic bogs has been reduced. Our observations have been carried in Tinovul Mare–Poiana Stampei Natural Reserve, situated in Dorna Depression (The Oriental Carpathians) at 910 m altitude, with 677 ha. This is the largest peat bog in Romania. The main goal is focused on all biotic and abiotic factors which are influencing mycobiota composition into trophic categories. These factors presenting a spatial variability inside of the investigated peat bog, determinate a different structure of mycobiota from marginal area where the soil is mesotrophic compared with central area which has an oligotrophic character more evident. Observations concerning macromycetes have been realized inside of specific phytocoenosis from peat bogs: Vaccinio–Pinetum sylvestris Kleist 1929 and Sphagno girgensohnii–Piceetum Kuach 1954. Mycobiota structure inside of these habitats is determined both by peat substrate with acidous pH, higher humidity and muscinal and ligneous flora. Saprophytic macromycetes, both parasites and mycorrhizal species, are represented by species adapted on this life into extreme conditions from peat bogs. Inside of moss synusia were being identified macromycetes which grew as saprophytic or parasite species on peat moss (Sphagnum spp.). The variability of ectomycorrhizal macromycetes associated with spruce fir reflects a numerical superiority, followed by those species which realized micorrhiza with pine and birch. During high humidity conditions, the ligneous substrate represents a favourable environment for lignicolous macromycetes. These kinds of macromycetes are represented by olygophagous and polyphagous species, which disintegrate the dead wood of the spruce fir, pine and birch.
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