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ROUGHNESS EFFECT ON A FULL-SCALE GENERAL CARGO VESSEL TOTAL RESISTENCE AND EFFECTIVE POWER
Abstract
The roughness of a ship-s hull can have a significant impact on the environment, primarily through its effect on the ship-s fuel consumption and, consequently, carbon emissions. The resistance a ship encounters as it moves through the water can be broadly categorized into two main types: frictional resistance and wave-making resistance. Hull roughness increases frictional resistance, also known as skin friction resistance. This resistence component is a major aspect of the total resistance of a merchant ship, leading to increased power and fuel consumption. The present study aims to systematically analyze the effect of hull roughness on ship resistance components based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the full-scale general cargo vessel REGAL. To investigate the impact of roughness on the characteristics of the flow around the ship hull, the ISIS-CFD solver implemented in the Fidelity Fine Marine code provided CADENCE was employed. This solver is based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with a Volume of Fluid (VOF) approach. In order to ensure the accuracy of the results, grid convergence tests and comparisons with different results available have been performed. Four roughness conditions were simulated at a speed of 14 knots. The study of hull roughness and its effect on total resistance showed that, depending on the condition of the hull, resistance can rise by as much as 51.3% when small calcareous fouling or weed build up on the ship's hull
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