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METHANOGENIC ACTIVITY SPECIES OF SLUDGE FROM THE TREATMENT OF RICE PARBOILING EFFLUENT
Abstract
In Brazil, about 12 million tons of rice is produced annually, among the types of rice produced is parboiled rice, which according to data from the Brazilian Association of the Parboiled Rice Industry represents 23% of Brazil's rice consumption. In the production of parboiled rice, a hydrothermal process is carried out in which the rice is subjected to a period of waterlogging, followed by autoclaving and subsequent drying, with the diffusion of nutrients from the bark to the interior of the grains, also occurring at the same time leaching of several compounds for the water of waterlogging. Thus, the parboiling of rice has high generation of effluent rich in organic matter, for each kilogram of rice subjected to the parboiling process are generated of two to four liters of effluent. One of the treatments used in Effluent Treatment Stations for the removal of organic matter from this effluent is the anaerobic digestion process, during this biological treatment occurs generation of sludge. In anaerobic digestion a several groups of microorganisms interact in the conversion of complex organic matter to methane, carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen sulphide and ammonia, the energy for the own growth, that is forming the anaerobic sludge. The sludge can be use as inoculum in others process of anaerobic digestion for production of biogas and methane for generation of energy, an important parameter to be considered for better control of the anaerobic digestion process is the maximum efficiency in the production of methane which can be obtained by the test of Specific Methanogenic Activity (SMA). The test can be defined as the maximum capacity of methane production by a consortium of anaerobic microorganisms, carried out under controlled laboratory conditions, to enable the maximum biochemical activity of conversion of organic substrates to biogas. This study had an objective to evaluate the specific methanogenic activity of parboiled rice sludge. The biodigesters used for the test was fed with sludge, ideal macro and micronutrient solutions, glucose solution, sodium bicarbonate and distilled water. The test occurred for a period of 144 hours and quantification of the volume of methane generated was performed based on the principle of displacement of fluids. The Chemical Oxygen Demand analysis required for the determination of SMA was performed according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water & Wastewater and the total solids, fixed and volatile according to the norm NBR 10664.The SMA obtained in this study was 1.396E-05 gCODCH4(gVSSh)-1.
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