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STUDY OF ION - EXCHANGE PROCESS FOR SULPHATE REMOVAL UNDER DYNAMIC CONDITIONS
Abstract
The removal of sulphate ions from different types of wastewater is an environmental challenge faced by several industrial sectors, such as the mining, petrochemical or metallurgical industry. Sulphates and heavy metals represent one of the main pollution sources is industrial effluents such as acid mine drainage (AMD) and other mining effluents. Manufacturing processes, primarily mining activities, often result in the production of effluents containing high amounts of inorganic pollutants e.g. heavy metals or sulphates. AMD consists of an aqueous solution containing high metals and sulphate concentration, which impact surface and groundwater and lead to serious environmental problems. Low pH and high concentrations of heavy metals and sulphates are limiting for many various treatment technologies in these acidic waters. Currently used technologies for removal of inorganic compounds are result of a need by industry to achieve acceptable effluent quality standards set by the governments. These conventional and emerging treatment methods include precipitation, secondary co-precipitation, differential precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separation, evaporative recovery, reductive electrolysis, etc. Ion exchange is a very powerful technology where one or more undesirable contaminants are removed from water by exchange with another non-objectionable or less objectionable substance. A wide range of materials is available for the ion - exchange treatment, which are available in a variety of forms and have widely differing chemical and physical properties. The type of material to be used is selected based on its ability to remove impurities and undesirable ions and to control pH. Organic resins are often used for a number of treatment cycles with suitable solutions and then restoring the ion exchanger to its original ionic form before its reuse. Inorganic materials are commonly used for the treatment of liquid waste streams for which very high chemical cleanliness is not required. The paper deals with study of ion пїЅ exchange process under dynamic conditions for sulphate removal from acidic model solutions using ion - exchange resin with the aim to apply the results for treatment of acid mine drainage.
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