Scholarly record
COSTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION INTO THE PORT AREAS NEAR THE BLACK SEA
Abstract
Environmental protection-related to economic activities have many important economic consequences. Normally, the threats to the environment come from economic development since all the problems concerning the protection of air, soil, and water always imply supplementary costs. All these costs must be well analyzed and balanced between the port administration, port companies, inhabitants, and authorities. In large ports areas from Romania, as Constanta and Mangalia near the Black Sea, during 1980-2010 were developed and intensively exploited shipyards, with medium and long-term effects on the environment. The present paper presents an analysis of the main factors of risk necessary to be monitored for minimizing the unwanted effects and the costs entailed. The analyzed environmental degradation costs have different characteristics, depending on the main source concerning degradation that can be corrected, that can not be repaired, some direct activities, and finally, few indirect costs. Air degradation is caused by smoke, dust, gases as a result of the reparations in industrial shipyards. Soil pollution is caused by the accidents that saturate the soils with oil or harmful substances, or by unnoticed pollution. Water pollution is classified depending on its origin. Based on the registered data from the last decade, the main substances that define the water pollution near the shipyards are Cd, Pb, As, CN, Cr, Cu, P. For decontamination is proposed a tracking plan for controlling the industrial and domestic discharges, and dredge polluted sludge. A differentiation between accidental and structural costs was made, based on frequency and effects. Finally, an estimation of the necessary costs to improve the environmental conditions and the risks arising in isolated accidents is realized. Some conclusions and references are also mentioned.
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References7
https://ecomareaneagra.wordpress.com/litoralul-romanesc/.
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Protocol on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Black Sea from Land-Based Sources and Activities, 2009, http://www.blacksea-commission.org/_od_ LBSAProtocol.asp.
Strategic Action Plan for the Environmental Protection and Rehabilitation of the Black Sea, Adopted in Sofia, Bulgaria, 17 April 2009, http://www.blacksea-commission.org/_bssap2009.asp.
http://www.calitateaer.ro/public/assessment-page/map-page/?__locale=ro
Development of indicators for assessing the state of the Black Sea environment, http://www.blacksea-commission.org/_environment-eutr.
Rodriguez G., Manual for environmental management in ports, Economic aspects, Program ATAS pp. 48-60, 2002.
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