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INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE MANAGEMENT IN WINTER WHEAT AND MAIZE IN THE NORTH-WEST AREA OF THE BANAT REGION, ROMANIA
Abstract
The paper aims to highlight the economic efficiency of the intensive farming system for winter wheat and corn for the period 2014-2018 under the influence of different bio-pedo-climatic conditions. In order to practice a modern, intensive, high-precision and efficient agriculture, advanced technology is needed to make profit. Modern agriculture, and especially intensive agriculture, puts a price on the quality and quantity of the crops. At the same time, within this intensive farming system, the calculation of economic efficiency and resource management make the difference between profit and loss. The limiting factors in profitability are pedo-climatic conditions and the attack of diseases and pests. Nadlac is located in the Western Plain, 42 km away from Arad, on the banks of the Mures River. The Land Fund of Nadlac is dominated by agricultural land covering 12,116 ha of a total of 133,155 ha.[2,3,4] The area enjoys the full benefit of soil resources by obtaining high quality and quantity crops, most of the active population working in agriculture and related services. The surface cultivated with grain cereals is predominantly crops of wheat, maize, but a special interest is also given to other crops such as sunflower, rape and sugar beet. Regarding the soil cover in Nadlac area, Arad County, it includes soils with good and good natural fertility, such as typical cambic, argillic and alkaline chernozems. The vast majority of them are in Class I, II and III quality, being cultivated with most crop plants with small restrictions. From the analysis of the thermal regime, one can notice a decrease of the temperature in the winter of 2016-2017, while during the summer period the deviations are not high in the mentioned period, except for the year 2017, which was marked by high heat times. Regarding the pluviometric aspect, we can say that the year 2016 was the year with the largest surplus of rainfall, which materialized also in the productions recorded in the area of Nadlac, while 2017 was a year with rainfall, which led to a significant decrease in the production of the main field crops. The most important factors influencing the losses caused by the pathogens are the climatic conditions, the technology used (especially the fertilizer quantities, the sowing density of the plants and obviously the possibilities of carrying out treatments in the vegetation, when the plants are in the phenophase of the button floral). For these reasons, losses from pathogens during the analysed period were between 10-15% of the production obtained. [7,15]
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