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THE ASSESSMENT OF FLOODED MINE SUBSIDENCE RECLAMATIONS IN THE UPPER SILESIA THROUGH THE FYTO AND ZOOCENOSIS
Abstract
The northeaster part of the Czech Republic is since the early 19th century associated with underground coal mining. This activity brings economic benefit in addition to changes in the landscape – soil depression followed by habitat destruction. Flooded mine subsidences are an example of such degradation of native plant and animal communities, biodiversity dec line and wetland and aquatic ecosystems establishment. For a long time, these ecosystems were considered worthless and unproductive [10]. The aim of the various reclaim methods wa s to restore the function; some flooded subsidences were on the contrary left to the process of spontaneous development. The present research was focused on compar ing the effectiveness of biotechnical reclamation methods to the directed successi on and to the spontaneous development of ecosystem. The main criterion was the malacocoenosis and phytocoenosis characteristics. It was found that the reclamation method has a significant influence on the emerging ecosystems. The vegetation ch aracteristic assessment according to the phytosociological classes share confirmed the usability of the method in assessing reclamation efficiency. Data obtained on the basis of molluscs (te rrestrial and aquatic species) research are more difficult to as sess. The reclamation controlled by managed succession seems to be a suitable alternative to biotechnical reclamation, but the concrete used methods must be further clarifie d in order to achieve higher efficiency in this type of restoration.
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