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WATER RISKS IN GEOPARKS OF THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION
Abstract
Objects of geological heritage of international level are located in the Nizhny Novgorod region. This is the Puchezh-Katunki impact crater of an early Jurassic age, the Bathonian-Callovian deposits of the Jurassic system near the settlement of Prosek on the banks of the Volga and karst lakes and caves in the basin of Pyana and Tyosha rivers. A water induced risk assessment was carried out to include it in application for aspiring UNESCO Geoparks network. The assessment includes the risk of landslides, abrasion of the banks of reservoirs, karst sinkholes in the zones of historical settlements and a risk of water pollution produced by algal blooming. Assessments of the risk of landslides, abrasion of the banks of reservoirs, karst sinkholes in the zones of historical settlements and algal blooming risk have been carried out. The calculation of each type of risk for heritage sites has its own specifics. Calculation of the karst hazard of geological heritage objects is relevant for the floodplains of the Pyana, Oka and Volga rivers. Calculation of the risk of abrasion and landslides and the risk of bloom is important for sightseeing embankments of heritage sites while navigating the Volga. The article presents a risk model of algal blooming in the Gorky and Cheboksary reservoirs. The model is based on a comparison of the results of observing the concentration of algae and calculations using a adapted model similar to that of Edelshtein, K. K. with coauthors and W. Fennel & T. Neumann. The risk of abrasion and landslides was calculated based on the PLAXIES model. Large landslides on the Volga River confined to the high slopes of the right bank folded is the Bathonian-Callovian Jurassic deposits. Risk assessment associated with karst-erosion was based on classification of Karst prone area. The outcome of the assessment is possibility to assess water induced hazards on the basis of holistic risk tool and Heritage protection.
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