Scholarly record
THE ADDITION OF BIOCHAR TO CHICKEN MANURE COMPOSTS ENHANCES ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF COMPOST MICROORGANISMS
Abstract
The problem of the antibiotic resistance of bacteria inhabiting the guts of poultry and livestock and furthermore manures and fertilizers prepared from manures is recognized as one of the most serious problems in agriculture. Composting is described as an effective way to reduce the abundance of antibiotic-resistant genes in the final product, however such a positive effect is not always guaranteed. The addition of highly porous components like biochar into composting mixtures is applied nowadays in order to improve the elimination of antibiotic-resistant microbes from composts. In the present study, the effect of biochar addition on physicochemical (temperature, dissolved organic carbon) and biological (respiratory activity) parameters of the composting process, as well as the number of tetracycline-resistant genes tet(A), tet(M) and tet(X) was investigated. Composting mixtures were prepared from either chicken manure or 85% chicken manure and 15% biochar. Some variants were additionally treated with oxytetracycline in the doses of 50, 150 and 500 mg*kg-1. It was found that the addition of oxytetracycline and biochar to the compost mixtures affected neither the temperature dynamics, nor the content of dissolved organic carbon and respiratory activity. Composting did not lead to the elimination of tetracycline-resistant genes from the mixtures by the end of composing process. The addition of 15% biochar not only did not decrease but actually increased the numbers of tet(A), tet(M) and tet(X) gene copies in the composts.
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