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LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE INITIAL STAGES OF SOCIAL AND NATURAL HISTORY OF THE UPPER VOLGA BASIN
Abstract
Upper Volga basin is the most significant Upper Volga part of the Great Volga Route. Landscape-ecological studies were conducted on the regional (for the whole basin of the Upper Volga) and local levels (for key areas). The research covered the initial period of social-natural history of this region, from Stone Age till late medieval period. The research included processing and analysis of numerous published and archive materials of the area and subjects of studies, as well as complex landscape and historic-archeological field work on the key areas in the regions of ancient Russian cities. There were conducted reconstructions and assessment of landscape-ecological conditions of livelihoods of settlers of different material cultures and landscape and economic systems in different periods of time. The researcher made series of large-scale landscape-historical-archeological and landscape-ecological maps. A unified landscape-historical geographical and information system is being formed for the whole basin of the Upper Volga. The conducted research showed that ecological features of landscape to a great extent predetermined the ways of settlement and economic development of the Upper Volga basin. In all historical periods one can observe clear determinancy of settlement structure and systems of environmental management from concrete landscape and ecological conditions, determined, in turn, by ecological characteristics and morphological structure of the landscape. Landscape and ecological researches of this territory are still continuing.
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References15
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