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DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION USED AT DIFFERENT LIFE CYCLE STAGES OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
Abstract
According to statistical studies, a large number of IT projects fail. According to researchers, the reason for the current situation is the inconsistency of the image (meaning) of the target system, which arises due to misunderstanding between people involved in the development at different life cycle stages. This problem arises due to the inconsistency of the forms (artifacts: project document, specification or model) used by stakeholders to represent the system image. An analysis of existing approaches to the information systems design shows that the approaches are based on the concept of ?final result? in the artifact form. However, the process of obtaining (design) as a means of achieving the target result is currently missing. Therefore, a problem arises, consisting in disunity and the following differences in the goals and forms of representing the meaning of different groups (domain experts, system analysts, developers, etc.) involved in the project and the appearance of the so-called misunderstanding gaps. There are always plenty of such ?inconsistencies?, and the losses from their elimination and transformation of the entire system are ex-pressed in significant amounts, and as a result, we observe the increasing of project budgets and the timing. The main idea is to use system approach to solve the indicated problem. System approach should be a process of transforming the knowledge forms that correspond to system thinking (a meaning form) into forms used by system engineering (knowledge form). What is needed is an integrating concept that will allow us to move from the forms of representing system thinking (from meaning) to the forms of system engineering (to the process of obtaining meaning) and vice versa. In other words, an integrating concept is needed that will describe the meaning and the process of its obtaining. This integrating concept will be called an architectural scheme. An architectural scheme is a basic abstraction (?Form for forms?) of a tool for solving the problem of coordination, or rather integration of diverse subject knowledge (forms), because it integrates two different points of view - the knowledge carrier of the subject area ( ?What? characteristic) and technical specialist ("Implementation" characteristic). The article presents a possible version of a complex structured model - a model of architectural design of information systems. It is noted that the use of this model will allow you to relate to each other various artifacts that were previously considered unconnected and looked like a disparate set, which in turn will allow you to reconcile the meanings used by development participants to rep-resent the system image.
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