Scholarly record
HANDS-ON SPECTROSCOPY FOR CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: FROM LOW-COST INSTRUMENTS TO MACHINE LEARNING ANALYSIS
Abstract
Understanding environmental change relies on observational technologies that analyze the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter. Spectroscopy provides the physical foundation for many sensing techniques used in Earth sciences, operating across the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), and infrared (IR) spectral domains. Technologies such as LiDAR, thermal imaging, photogrammetry, and optical remote sensing rely on these principles to observe environmental processes and monitor changes in the Earth system. In this work we present a hands-on educational activity designed to introduce students to these concepts through spectroscopy experiments that connect fundamental physics with Earth science and climate-related topics. The lesson combines multiple levels of instrumentation, ranging from low-cost DIY spectrometers used for qualitative observations to compact professional spectrometers capable of acquiring calibrated spectral measurements. Students investigate emission spectra from artificial light sources and solar radiation, with particular attention given to the identification of Fraunhofer absorption lines. These observations provide a natural starting point for discussions on atmospheric composition, solar radiation, and environmental monitoring. Spectral datasets collected during the activities are further explored using machine learning techniques based on a Random Forest classifier, enabling automated identification of spectral signatures. The activities are implemented within the framework of the EASE (Educate, Act, and Sustainably Share for Climate and Environmental Health) initiative, which supports interdisciplinary STEM education, teacher training, and the use of environmental sensors and real-world data to connect classroom learning with climate challenges. By combining hands-on experimentation, digital analysis tools, and environmental observations, the approach strengthens scientific literacy, supports teacher professional development, and encourages active student engagement in environmental monitoring and sustainability.
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