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HIGH-RESOLUTION TOPOGRAPHIC DATA OF RIVER LANDSCAPES USING AERIAL PPK-UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY: A CASE STUDY IN OGOSTA RIVER VALLEY, NORTHWESTERN BULGARIA
Abstract
The use of unmanned aerial vehicle systems (UAVs) for the acquisition of images, which are then processed by the photogrammetric method SfM (Structure-from-motion), is increasingly established as a suitable workflow for obtaining high-resolution topographic data (HRTD). Using PPK (Post-Processed Kinematic) solutions for UAVs can provide accurate parameters for the external orientation of the cameras used in UAVs for photogrammetric capture. The use of such an approach has the potential to become an alternative to the use of ground control points (GCP) for georeferencing of the topographical data obtained from unmanned aerial systems. The conventional method of georeferencing by monitoring GCP provides reliable positioning accuracy in location but critically depends on the number and spatial location of ground control points. This limits the efficiency of the method in a time aspect. Applying direct georeferencing of images taken by UAVs can overcome these limitations. This paper presents an assessment of the geospatial accuracy of three-dimensional photogrammetric products obtained by UAVs-photogrammetry using the SfM-method (Structure from Motion), combined with a PPK (Post-Processed Kinematic) solution for coordinating the taken images. The study was performed with VTOL WingtraOne, which is equipped with a Sony RX1R II camera with a 35 mm full-frame sensor and 42 Mpix resolution and an additional PPK GNSS module AsteRx-m2 UAS for direct georeferencing of the images. Digital data generation was performed using two georeferencing methods: 1) Aero Triangulation – “AT” (GCP method) and 2) Direct image georeferencing (PPK method) without the use of GCPs. The results of the application of the method in the case study area of Gorna Kovatchitsa, show that it provides very accurate digital data for the terrain, allowing rapid analysis of river valleys.
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