Scholarly record
HEALTH RISK UNDER MULTICOMPONENT AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION IN LARGE CITY WITH METALLURGICAL AND PULP AND PAPER PRODUCTIONS
Abstract
Health risk should be considered a key component in the environmental safety,especially in urbanized territories with developed industries.The research aim was to assess health risks in a city with developed metallurgic andpulp and paper industries in order to substantiate future activities aimed at protectinghuman health and the environment.Bratsk was chosen as a research object since it is a large industrials center located in theEastern Siberia in the Russian Federation; the city population is more than 200 thousandpeople. Non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy and pulp and paper production are leadingindustries in the city. More than 100 chemicals are emitted in ambient air in the citywith their total mass being 127 thousand tons per year. Instrumental measurements wereaccomplished regarding 33 most toxic and hazardous chemicals. The research coversthe results of 17,732 samples of maximum single concentrations and 3,271 averagedaily concentrations from January 2020 to August 2021. The city for a long time hasbeen among those in Russia with the highest ambient air pollution.The research established systematic violations of hygienic standards as per contents ofspecific chemicals, up to 10.0 single maximum MPC, up to 15.2 average daily MPC,and up to 60.0 average annual MPC.Carcinogenic risk assessment (TCR up to 3.11*10-4) revealed unacceptable populationhealth risks.Risk of respiratory functional disorders under short-term exposure to chemicalsamounted up to 4.33 HI in the Central district of the city and was estimated asunacceptable.High levels of chronic non-carcinogenic health risks were detected as regards diseasesof the blood and respiratory system, up to 18.68 HI and up to 12.69 HI accordingly.22 chemicals are priority ones that pollute ambient air and create unacceptable healthrisks; they should be given special attention when air protecting activities are developed.The greatest contributions to health risks belong to benzene, carbon (soot),formaldehyde, and sulfuric acid. These chemicals are emitted by ?Rusal Bratsk? JSC, ametallurgic enterprise, and Ilim Group Bratsk Brunch, a pulp and paper production.Research results were handed over to environmental protection authorities in the cityand the relevant economic entities for them to adjust programs for monitoring overambient air quality and plans of environmental activities.
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