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LEGAL AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS SUPPORTING IMPLEMENTATION OF FLOOD PROTECTIONS MEASURES IN POLAND
Abstract
Flood risk, associated with rapid climate changes, improper development of river basins (e.g. intensive house building, deforestation) and low retention capacity of water bodies, has been observed in recent years in EU countries, including Poland. Floods pose a threat to human life and health and cause great property loss and irreversible changes to the natural environment. Studies concerning flood risk management have shown that seeking measures aimed at limiting the tragic consequences of floods are more effective than attempts to prevent them. The EUпїЅs environmental policy takes into account climate change and the dramatic consequences to the social and economic development and to nature. Initiatives taken by the Council of Europe include, for example, passing the Water Framework Directive, which unifies legislative solutions implemented in member states with the aim of improving their effectiveness in controlling flood risks. Adopting the пїЅEU strategy on adaptation to climate changeпїЅ, which recommends taking measures aimed at reducing the risk of extreme weather phenomena, was another significant step. The aim of this publication is to show the role and importance of legal and financial instruments which support measures to reduce flood-related losses and the factors that affect their effectiveness.
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