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FORMATION OF THE HYDROGEN MARKET IN UKRAINE IN THE ASPECT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PAN-EUROPEAN CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM
Abstract
The disadvantage of generating electricity from renewable sources is the need for its simultaneous consumption afterwards or distribution to other consumers over long distances, which is accompanied by significant energy losses in networks with increasing transportation distances. In addition, there is a discrepancy between the seasonal maximum volumes of electricity generation and consumption. Thus, imbalances arise between the demand and supply of electricity on the market. This problem can be solved by converting excess green electricity into hydrogen, which can be stored in a gaseous or liquid state, transported over any distance and converted back into electrical or thermal energy at any time when the need arises. Although this process is characterized by energy losses, it allows creating climate-neutral energy reserves. Accordingly, the main technologies for creating hydrogen, their economic significance for the formation of the renewable energy market and the possibility of implementation within the framework of the pan-European energy system are analyzed. It has been established that Ukraine has favorable conditions for generating cheap electricity for the purpose of producing hydrogen, which can be supplied to the EU through the development of intergovernmental cooperation between Ukraine and the EU countries. A forecast of hydrogen production in Ukraine has been made and the possibilities of its supply to the EU market have been assessed.
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