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ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF SOIL AND PLANT CONDITIONS IN SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREA
Abstract
Environmental monitoring in specially protected areas is a vital problem, especially in places subject to anthropogenic impacts. The Tunkinskaya Valley (190 km long) is the western extension of the Baikal rift zone. On the territory of the valley there is a national park of federal significance. At the same time, the territory is subject to intensive anthropogenic load. The Tunkinskaya Valley is an attractive place for tourists. The local population (20,000 people) is engaged in cattle breeding. Industrialized areas of the Baikal region may also have an impact on the valley ecosystems. The paper presents the results of ecological monitoring of soils and vegetation of valley from 2018 to 2022. During the field research, soil profiles were laid out, and vegetation communities in the reference areas were described. More than 100 soil and plant samples were collected. During laboratory studies the organic matter content, mechanical composition of soils, acidity, content of heavy metals (Ba, Cd, Co, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) in soil samples and pine bark (a proven bioindicator of atmospheric pollution) were determined within the atomic emission method. Statistical processing of the data was carried out. Acidity in samples of pine bark varies from 3.89 to 5.43, the environment is acidic, which indicates the entry of sulfur compounds into the atmospheric air. Exceedances relative to clarks were obtained for Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb. Such exceedances are caused by the wood burning and motor transport using. Exceedances of standards for -u were found in soils. During our research, the fact that the soils and vegetation of the Tunkinskaya Valley have a great diversity and mosaic distribution was found out. Thus, regular ecological monitoring of changes in the natural environment should be carried out in this park.
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References4
Belozertseva I.A., Cherkashina A.A., Soils and their use in the Tunka Basin, Bulletin of Tambov University, Russia, 2013, pp. 945-949, ISSN 1810-0198;
Cherkashina A.A., Golubtsov V.A., Silaev A.V., Postagrogenic transformation of soils in the Tunka Basin (South-Western Baikal region), News of Irkutsk State University. Series: Geosciences, Russia, 2015, pp. 128-140, ISSN 2073-3402;
Dobrovolsky V.V., Fundamentals of biogeochemistry, Academy, Russia, 2003, 416 p., ISBN 5-06-003112-8;
Martynova N.A. Provincial specificity of the genesis and evolution of soils in the Tunka Valley of the Baikal Rift Zone, Soils in the biosphere, Russia, 2018, pp. 57-61, ISBN: 978-5-94621-734-7;
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