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OPTIMIZATION OF CONSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN OF EXTERNAL MASONRY WALLS IN TERMS OF MINIMIZATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND AIR POLLUTION REDUCTION
Abstract
Building industry has an essential share in depletion of environment and, after food production, belongs to the largest consumer of raw materials. Exploitation, production or transportation of building materials, as well as build-up, operation or demolition of buildings requires massive amounts of energy and results in huge amounts of greenhouse or acidifying gasses emission, par ticipates in depletion of ozone layer, eutrophication processes or photochemical ozone creation. Selection of building materials, as prin cipal components of buildings, should by performed on a comprehensive way with their environmental performance in mind, as by their proper selection it is possible to contribute to mi nimization of energy demands and reduction of quantity of CO 2 and SO2 emissions. In this paper, 41 different co mpositions of external walls w ith utilization of perforated ceramic brick and various types of thermal insulation materials we re analyzed from environmental point of view. 17 external walls were designed in order to accomplishment of requirements of thermal technical standards on maximal U-value for Slovak conditions. Another 24 structures were designed more strictly to improve the insulation value. Primary energy intensity, Global warming potentia l and Acidification potential of various types of external walls were analyzed. Primary energy intensity reached values between 705.72 MJ/m 2 and 1180.57 MJ/m 2, calculated values of Global warming potential reached values from 35.13 to 82.97 kg CO 2eq/m2 and values of Acidification potential were between 0.1636 and 0.3322 kg SO2eq/m2. Optimization has proven that by a proper choice of building material it is possible to reduce the negative environmental effects. In spite of relatively small changes in materials reduction of primary embodied energy, amount of CO 2 and SO2 emissions can be reached.
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