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FIRE MODELLING AS A PREVENTION OF INTERIOR FIRE FATALITIES
Abstract
Reduced air supply, significant temperature rise, dense smoke, are the characteristic factors of fires taking place in the interior of buildings. The interior fires often cause dangerous phenomena such as flashover and rollover, and in some cases massive explosions of accumulated emissions of combustion called backdraft. These phenomena and the course of fire temperatures in the areas are the subject of many studies in order to understand them as well as possible. The main goal of the paper is therefore to enrich the database of knowledge with new data and thus contribute to the design of appropriate preventive measures in the field of fire safety. The large-scale tests and the conditions are similar to the real interior fires. The most accurate results can be obtained from the fire experiments. Large-scale tests are often very expensive and relatively difficult to perform. Therefore, for many studies, small-scale experiments performed on scale models are used. The paper describes the way of a small-scale test performance as well as the theory of the 3D model constructions in a small-scale. The small-scale model simulates the properties of the buildings and the common materials in the interior. The set of the experiments was done in order to observe the dangerous fire phenomena such a flashover and rollover related to the interior fires. The firemen are under risk of injury or fatality in case of the fire phenomena mentioned.
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