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THE DYNAMICS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF AT THE LEVEL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS: CASE STUDY IN LATVIA
Abstract
Excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorus into water systems causes eutrophication. Efforts to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agriculture in the Baltic Sea region are crucial. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of nitrogen application rates in the form of mineral fertilizer on concentrations of Ntot, NO3-N, Ptot, and PO4-P (mg L-1) in runoff at the level of experimental fields. This study analyzed data from October 2014 to April 2022 collected from the Mellupite monitoring station, where experimental plots were set up with the application of different amount of nitrogen, expressed as nitrogen rate per hectare of cultivated agricultural land, ranging from 0 kg ha-1 to 240 kg ha-1. The average value of Ntot concentration at the level of experimental plots ranged from the lowest value observed in the experimental plots with the nitrogen application rate of 0 kg ha-1 (7.3 mg L-1) to the highest average value observed in the experimental plots with the application rate of 180 kg ha-1 (12.9 mg L-1). The lowest average value of Ptot concentration was observed in the experimental plots with 240 kg ha-1 of N applied in the fertilizer (0.036 mg L-1), while the highest average concentration value was observed in the experimental plots with the nitrogen application rate of 60 kg ha-1 (0.097 mg L-1). During the study period, the highest NO3-N concentration values were observed in 2021/2022 when winter rapeseed was grown (9.9 mg L-1 N0, 13.6 mg L-1 N60, 12.4 mg L-1 N120, 14.3 mg L-1 N180). Kruskal-Wallis tests indicate that the experimental plot with 0 kg ha-1 showed statistically significantly lower Ntot concentration (p-value less than 0.001) and the plot with 60 kg ha-1 showed statistically significantly higher Ptot concentration (p-value less than 0.0001).
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