Scholarly record
WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR ROLE IN SUSTAINABILITY
Abstract
The abstract addresses Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technologies and their significance in the context of sustainable development and the circular economy. The aim of the article is to analyze current technological approaches to the treatment of municipal and industrial waste, with a focus on their energy potential, environmental impacts, and economic efficiency. The study is based on a comparative analysis of key technologies, such as incineration with energy recovery, pyrolysis, gasification, and anaerobic digestion, evaluating their ability to minimize the volume of waste disposed of in landfills while simultaneously generating electricity and heat. Attention is also given to emission aspects and the implementation of Best Available Techniques (BAT), which contribute to reducing negative environmental impacts. The article discusses the role of WtE facilities as a stable energy source within a low-carbon economy and their integration into the energy systems of cities and regions. Furthermore, the economic aspects of operating these facilities are analyzed, including capital intensity, operating costs, and the potential for generating revenue from the sale of energy and secondary raw materials. The results indicate that Waste-to-Energy technologies represent a significant tool for achieving sustainable development goals, particularly in reducing landfilling, producing renewable energy, and increasing material efficiency. However, they also require effective management, an appropriate legislative framework, and public acceptance. The article contributes to the discussion on optimizing waste management and identifies key factors influencing the effective implementation of WtE technologies in practice.
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