Scholarly record
VOLUMETRIC NON-DESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENT OF 3D PRINTED STRUCTURES
Abstract
Non-destructive testing (NDT) of 3D-printed concrete is challenging due to complex geometries and layer-dependent material heterogeneity. Photogrammetry captures surface geometry, but its outputs cannot be directly linked to NDT values. This study presents a workflow that integrates photogrammetric models with rebound hammer measurements and applies radial basis function (RBF) interpolation to visualize near-surface strength. Each measurement point is matched to its 3D coordinates on the mesh, enabling consistent data integration and automated mapping. The RBF visualization distinguishes between measured, interpolated, and unsupported regions and highlights weak zones at layer interfaces and areas affected by printing irregularities. The approach provides an effective tool for assessing surface uniformity in 3D-printed concrete and supports future diagnostic methods combining geometry and NDT data.
Publication Impact Profile
Publication details
References15
Dilawar Riaz, R., Usman, M., Ali, A., Majid, U., Faizan, M., Jalil Malik, U. (2023). Inclusive characterization of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) in additive manufacturing: A detailed review, Constr Build Mater, 394. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132229.
Chang, Z. (n.d.). Experimental Investigation and Lattice Modelling of 3D Printed Concrete Buildability quantification and early-age creep behaviour. DOI: 10.4233/uuid:ffa68da2-cd02-45a8-b4bc-99a289638571.
Zhong, H., Zhang, M. (2022). 3D printing geopolymers: A review, Cem Concr Compos. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104455.
Evaluation of Permanent 3D Printed Formwork of A Bridge Pier Using Non-Destructive Testing Methods. (n.d.).
Helsel, M.A., Popovics, J.S., Stynoski, P.B., Kreiger, E. (2021). Non-destructive testing to characterize interlayer bonds of idealized concrete additive manufacturing products, NDT and E International, 121. DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2021.102443.
Skibicki, S., Dvor�k, R., Pazdera, L., Topol�r, L., Koc�b, D., Alexa, M., Cendrowski, K., Hoffmann, M. (2024). Anisotropic mechanical properties of 3D printed mortar determined by standard flexural and compression test and acoustic emission, Constr Build Mater, 352, p. 138957. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138957.
Mawas, K., Maboudi, M., Gerke, M. (2025). A Review on Geometry and Surface Inspection in 3D Concrete Printing. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.108030
Virtanen, P., et. al. (2020). SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python, Nat Methods, 17(3), pp. 261�272. DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2
CSN 73 1373: Non-destructive testing of concrete � Determination of compressive strength by hardness testing methods (2013).
Epic Games, Inc. (n.d.). RealityScan.
Musy, M., Jacquenot, G., Dalmasso, G., De Bruin, R., Neoglez., M�ller, J., Ahinoam Pollack., Claudi, F., Codacy Badger., Sol, A., Zhou, Z.-Q., Bane Sullivan., Lerner, B., Hrisca, D., Volpatto, D., Evan., Mkerrinrapid., Schl�mer, N., RichardScottOZ., RobinEnjalbert., Xushan Lu., Schneider, O. (2022). marcomusy/vedo: 2022.3.0. DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.7019968.
Virtanen, P., et. al. (2020). SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python, Nat Methods, 17(3), pp. 261�272. DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2.
Lavkarbonbetong. (n.d.).
Liu, S., Lu, B., Li, H., Pan, Z., Jiang, J., Qian, S. (2022). A comparative study on environmental performance of 3D printing and conventional casting of concrete products with industrial wastes, Chemosphere, 298. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134310.
Mohammad, M., Masad, E., Al-Ghamdi, S.G. (2020). 3d concrete printing sustainability: A comparative life cycle assessment of four construction method scenarios, Buildings, 10(12), pp. 1�20. DOI: 10.3390/buildings10120245.
View or Download full articleAccess options
SWS access login
Login as SWS Scientific CommitteeLogin as SWS Scientific PartnerLogin as SWS AuthorAuthors and approved SWS contributors will read and export their own linked papers after identity matching by SWS profile, email and SGEM GlobalID.
For librarian assistance: [email protected]
Purchase Instant Access
- Article can be downloaded after successful payment.
- Article may be used according to SWS library access terms.
- Article cannot be redistributed.