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USE OF ERTMS (ETCS+GSM-R) IN ORDER TO REDUCE HUMAN FAILURE IN KOSOVO RAILWAY SYSTEM, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Abstract
Today, trains are equipped with up to seven different navigational systems. Each is extremely costly and takes up space on-board. A train crossing from one European country to another must switch the operating standards as it crosses the border. All this adds to travel time and operational and maintenance costs. Together with other technical differences ? for instance in terms of rail gauge, electricity voltage, rolling stock design, etc. ? the existence of more than 20 train control systems in Europe has always been a major obstacle to the development of international rail transport. For this reason, the development of a common European system started to be discussed as early as the late 1980s. The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) intends to remove the technical barriers against the interoperability regarding the train control command system. The European Train Control System (ETCS) promoted by the European Commission for use throughout Europe, and specified for compliance with the High Speed and Conventional rail transport. The Global System for Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R) delivers digital, secure and dependable communications between drivers and signalers. This helps to increase safety, reducing delays and improving performance. The system aims to standardize field of signaling and train control systems which constitutes as one of the major obstacles in developing of national and international rail traffic. Using this system will benefits in increasing competitiveness, better communication of freight and passenger rail services, reducing costs, reducing human failure and improve the safety of rail transport. ETCS is an automatic train Protection (ATP) system, based on cab signaling and continuous track to train data transmission. It ensures trains to operate safely at all times in providing safe movement authority directly to the driver through the cab display and in continuously monitoring the driver?s actions. The communication between the tracks and the train is mainly based on an interlocking structure which uses eurobalises (ETCS) to transfer data. The main advantages of using an ERTMS system are safety and interoperability for both Levels 1 and 2. Level 2 allows trains to operate at a higher commercial speed; this improves a train capacity on the rail network. ERTMS Level 1 and Level 2 reduce investments costs for cross-border traffic locomotives. The choice between two solutions of ERTMS Level 1 and/or Level 2 should be based on the technical and operational interlocking system, as well as the execution of the renewal works, the line/network along which the system will be implemented (new or existing tracks) and the ERTMS level of implementation. The implementation of these systems requires investments in order to provide efficient transport service.
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