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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FLEXIBLE STREAM-GUIDING GRIDS PROTECTING HYDROSYSTEM TAILRACES
Abstract
We studied a scour in a drainage canal of the Cheboksary hydrosystem tailrace on the Volga river. To protect the hydrosystem tailrace from scouring, we proposed flexible stream-guiding grids that are installed in the stream and effectively affect its kinematics in the bottom area. We calculated in MathCad a system of vortices that occur when the flow runs against adjacent plates of a grid. Due to the replacement of flexible elements of a grid with flat plates that divide the flow into separate jets, it became possible to use a method for calculating kinematic characteristics based on the model of A.Ya. Milovich. We calculated flow velocities in areas before the plates, in the space between the plates, and behind the grid. The results of calculations of grid parameters in MathCad were confirmed by an experimental study based on a model of a hydrosystem spillway dam. During the experimental study based on the 1:100 scale model in a hydraulic flume, we measured the kinematic characteristics of the flow using a multi-channel thermal anemometer. The measurements were carried out according to the Froude criterion. The values of thermal equivalents of flow velocities obtained using thermal anemometers were processed with Excel built-in statistical functions. The values of dispersion, confidence probability, and Student's criterion were obtained. As a result of the experiments performed with and without installing the grid model, a significant deformation of velocity diagrams before and behind the baffle was revealed. Due to the flow deviation from the bottom, the bottom velocities were significantly reduced in the lower part of the model, in an unprotected riverbed area. In the upper part of the model, in front of the grid, the change in the area of velocity diagrams was similar to the effect of a barrier on the flow. We established the high efficiency of the proposed device and the stability of the baffling effect in relation to changes in the flow rate.
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